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1 Hadfield, Sir Robert Abbott
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 28 November 1858 Attercliffe, Sheffield, Yorkshire, Englandd. 30 September 1940 Kingston Hill, Surrey, England[br]English metallurgist and pioneer in alloy steels.[br]Hadfield's father, Robert, set up a steelworks in Sheffield in 1872, one of the earliest to specialize in steel castings. After his education in Sheffield, during which he showed an interest in chemistry, Hadfield entered his father's works. His first act was to set up a laboratory, where he began systematically experimenting with alloy steels in order to improve the quality of the products of the family firm. In 1883 Hadfield found that by increasing the manganese content to 12.5 per cent, with a carbon content of 1.4 per cent, the resulting alloy showed extraordinary resistance to abrasive wear even though it was quite soft. It was soon applied in railway points and crossings, crushing and grinding machinery, and wherever great resistance to wear is required. Its lack of brittleness led to its use in steel helmets during the First World War. Hadfield's manganese steel was also non-magnetic, which was later of importance in the electrical industry. Hadfield's other great invention was that of silicon steel. Again after careful and systematic laboratory work, Hadfield found that a steel containing 3–4 per cent silicon and as little as possible of other elements was highly magnetic, which was to prove important in the electrical industry (e.g. reducing the weight and bulk of electrical transformers). Hadfield took over the firm on the death of his father in 1888, but he continued to lay great stress on the need for laboratory research to improve the quality and range of products. The steel-casting side of the business led to a flourishing armaments industry, and this, together with their expertise in alloy steels, made Hadfield's one of the great names in Sheffield and British steel until, sadly, it succumbed along with so many other illustrious names during the British economic recession of 1983. Hadfield had a keen interest in metallurgical history, particularly in his characteristically thorough examination of the alloys of iron prepared by Faraday at the Royal Institution. Hadfield was an enlightened employer and was one of the first to introduce the eight-hour day.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1908. Baronet 1917. FRS 1909.BibliographyA list of Hadfield's published papers and other works is published with a biographical account in Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society (1940) 10.LRDBiographical history of technology > Hadfield, Sir Robert Abbott
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2 Metallurgy
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Hadfield, Sir Robert Abbott, Baronet — ▪ British metallurgist born Nov. 28, 1858, Sheffield, Yorkshire, Eng. died Sept. 30, 1940, London British metallurgist who developed manganese steel, an alloy of exceptional durability that found uses in the construction of railroad rails and… … Universalium
Robert Hadfield — Sir Robert Abbott Hadfiel (1859 1940) est un chimiste et industriel métallurgiste anglais. À la fin du XIXe siècle, la maîtrise de la production de l’acier s’oriente vers les coulées basiques qui utilisent des revêtements réfractaires… … Wikipédia en Français
Robert Hadfield — Infobox Engineer image width = 150px caption = PAGENAME name = PAGENAME nationality = United Kingdom birth date = November 28, 1858 birth place = Sheffield death date = September 30, 1940 death place = Surrey education = spouse = parents =… … Wikipedia
Hadfield — biographical name Sir Robert Abbott 1858 1940 English metallurgist … New Collegiate Dictionary
Hadfield — /had feeld /, n. Sir Robert Abbott, 1858 1940, English metallurgist and industrialist. * * * … Universalium
Hadfield — /had feeld /, n. Sir Robert Abbott, 1858 1940, English metallurgist and industrialist … Useful english dictionary
manganese processing — Introduction preparation of the ore for use in various products. Manganese (Mn) is a hard, silvery white metal with a melting point of 1,244° C (2,271° F). Ordinarily too brittle to be of structural value itself, it is an essential… … Universalium
Manganese — Not to be confused with Magnesium. This article is about the chemical element. For the ghost town, see Manganese, Minnesota. For the steamship, see SS Manganese. chromium ← manganese → iron ↑ Mn ↓ Tc … Wikipedia
Chronologie de l'histoire des techniques — Si l’histoire des techniques ne peut se résumer à la seule histoire des inventions, elles en constituent néanmoins une composante importante. Au delà des grands faits historiques ou des découvertes scientifiques associées, la chronologie de… … Wikipédia en Français
Chronologie des techniques — Chronologie de l histoire des techniques Si l’histoire des techniques ne peut se résumer à la seule histoire des inventions, elles en constituent néanmoins une composante importante. Au delà des grands faits historiques ou des découvertes… … Wikipédia en Français
Histoire des techniques (chronologie) — Chronologie de l histoire des techniques Si l’histoire des techniques ne peut se résumer à la seule histoire des inventions, elles en constituent néanmoins une composante importante. Au delà des grands faits historiques ou des découvertes… … Wikipédia en Français
